Storage miners are cryptocurrency miners who rely on offering sufficient storage space for nodes to reach consensus and validate transactions.
Storage mining is a type of cryptocurrency mining that allows miners to receive rewards for storing data on their personal servers or devices. One of the main concepts of storage mining is that miners have to dedicate a certain amount of storage space to become eligible to be a node of the blockchain network.
The storage that miners dedicate to the network is utilized by users of the Filecoin blockchain and system. This is why the consensus mechanism requires all approved notes to be able to prove that they have the storage power needed and that they have an updated copy of the whole system on their servers at all times.
Interestingly, storage miners can choose whether they would like to dedicate cloud storage or hardware storage. This makes it incredibly easy for storage miners to acquire additional storage power and move up in node rankings.
Storage-based consensus mechanisms are rarely utilized in the blockchain industry, however, Filecoin is proof that this system can be successful. Not only that, the highly customizable requirements regarding the type of storage power requested by the network allow storage miners a significant amount of flexibility. This flexibility in node requirements is not usually present in more established consensus mechanisms.